General mode of operation of a reciprocating internal combustion engine

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fonctMaci.jpg A reciprocating internal combustion engine works on the following principle:
A variable volume is delimited by a cylinder, one of its bases which is fixed, called the , and the other which is a movable in the cylinder bore, driven by a connecting rod-crank system.

In a four-stroke engine, the organs which control the delivery or the admission are actuated by pushrods coupled to the motor shaft by a .

In various ways, in the intake phase, it is ensured that fresh gas is introduced into the cylinder.

The piston being at a certain distance from the bottom of the cylinder, the inlet port is then closed.

The piston, approaching the bottom of the cylinder, compresses this charge in the volume v of the , that is to say the space remaining when the piston reaches the end of its stroke, called or TDC .

The essential operating factor is the compression ratio ρ = V / v, geometric characteristic of the cylinder.

The reaction is then triggered, and it takes place for a relatively short time, while continues its stroke.

As the piston continues to move away from the bottom of the , the burnt gases expand to the end of the stroke ( or BDC), then are evacuated and replaced by a new charge of fresh gas.